Is industrial naphthalene dangerous? Answer: Yes

　　一、健康危害

　　1、 Health hazards

　　侵入途徑：吸入、食入、經皮吸收。

　　Invasion route: inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption.

　　健康危害：具有刺激作用，高濃度致溶血性貧血及肝、腎損害。

　　Health hazard: it has stimulative effect, high concentration can cause hemolytic anemia and liver and kidney damage.

　　急性中毒：吸入高濃度萘蒸氣或粉塵時，出現眼及呼吸道刺激、角膜混濁、頭痛、惡心、嘔吐、食欲減退、腰痛、尿頻、尿中出現蛋白及紅白細胞。亦可發(fā)生視神經炎和視網膜炎。重者可發(fā)生中毒性腦病和肝損害。口服中毒主要引起溶血和肝、腎損害，甚至發(fā)生急性腎功能衰竭和肝壞死。

　　Acute poisoning: inhalation of high concentration naphthalene vapor or dust, eye and respiratory tract irritation, corneal opacity, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, low back pain, frequent urination, protein and red and white blood cells in urine. Optic neuritis and retinitis can also occur. Toxic encephalopathy and liver damage may occur in severe cases. Oral poisoning mainly causes hemolysis, liver and kidney damage, and even acute renal failure and liver necrosis.

　　慢性中毒：反復接觸萘蒸氣，可引起頭痛、乏力、惡心、嘔吐和血液系統(tǒng)損害?？梢鸢變日稀⒁暽窠浹缀鸵暰W膜病變。皮膚接觸可引起皮炎。

　　Chronic poisoning: repeated exposure to naphthalene vapor can cause headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and blood system damage. It can cause cataract, optic neuritis and retinopathy. Skin contact can cause dermatitis.

　　二、毒理學資料及環(huán)境行為

　　2、 Toxicological information and environmental behavior

　　毒性：屬低毒類。

　　Toxicity: low toxicity.

　　急性毒性：LD50490mg/kg(大鼠經口)；人經口5g，白內障及腎損害；人經口5～15g，致死；兒童經口2.0g/2日，致死。

　　Acute toxicity: ld50490mg / kg (rat oral); human oral 5g, cataract and renal damage; human oral 5-15g, fatal; children oral 2.0g/2 days.

　　亞急性和慢性毒性：兔經口1g/(kg·天)，3天，見晶狀體渾濁，20天后形成白內障。兔吸入飽和蒸氣2小時/天，2～3個月，紅細胞先增多后減少；400～500mg/m3,4小時/天，5個月，見晶狀體渾濁。小鼠吸入60～500mg/m3，5個月，條件反射紊亂，尸檢見呼吸系統(tǒng)損害。

　　Subacute and chronic toxicity: 1 g / (kg · d) was found in rabbits after oral administration for 3 days, and cataract was formed after 20 days. When the rabbits inhaled saturated vapor for 2 hours / day for 2-3 months, the red blood cells increased first and then decreased; when the rabbits inhaled the saturated vapor for 2-3 months, the lens became turbid after 400-500 mg / m3, 4 hours / day, 5 months. The mice inhaled 60-500 mg / m3 for 5 months. The conditioned reflex was disordered and the respiratory system was damaged in autopsy.
           

　　致突變性：細胞遺傳學分析：倉鼠卵巢30mg/L。姊妹染色單體交換：倉鼠卵巢15mg/L。

　　Mutagenicity: cytogenetic analysis: hamster ovary 30mg / L. Sister chromatid exchange: hamster ovary 15 mg / L.

　　生殖毒性：小鼠經口低中毒劑量(TDL0)：2400mg/kg(孕7～14天)，影響活產指數，影響存活指數(如活產在第4天時的存活數)。

　　Reproductive toxicity: the lowest oral toxic dose (tdl0): 2400mg / kg (7-14 days of gestation), which affects the live birth index and survival index (such as the number of live births on the fourth day).

　　致癌性：大鼠皮下低中毒劑量(TDL0)：3500mg/kg(12周，間歇)，疑致腫瘤劑，致淋巴瘤，包括何杰金氏病，致子宮腫瘤。小鼠吸入低中毒濃度(TCL0)：30ppm(6小時)(2處，間歇)，致腫瘤，致肺腫瘤。

　　Carcinogenicity: the lowest subcutaneous toxic dose (tdl0): 3500mg / kg (12 weeks, intermittent), suspected tumor agent, lymphoma, including Hodgkin\\\'s disease, causing uterine tumor. Mice inhaled the lowest toxic concentration (tcl0): 30ppm (6 hours) (2 places, intermittent), causing tumor and lung tumor.

　　在環(huán)境中的遷移幾個實驗證明了多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)的可生物降解性。低分子量的多環(huán)芳香烴(PAHs)如萘、苊、苊烯在實驗研究中均能快速地被降解。初始濃度為5～10mg/L的液體，在7天之內有90%以上的多環(huán)芳香(PAHs)被生物降解。高分子量的多環(huán)芳香烴(PAHs)如熒蒽、苯并(a)蒽、屈、苯并(a)芘和和蒽等很難被 生物降解。

　　The biodegradability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been proved by several experiments. Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as naphthalene, acenaphthene and acenaphthene, can be degraded rapidly in the experimental study. More than 90% of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were biodegraded in 7 days when the initial concentration of PAHs was 5-10 mg / L. High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as fluoranthene, benzo (a) anthracene, Qu, benzo (a) pyrene and anthracene, are difficult to be biodegraded.

　　危險特性：遇明火、高熱可燃。燃燒時放出有毒的刺激性煙霧。與強氧化劑如鉻酸酐、氯酸鹽和高錳酸鉀等接觸，能發(fā)生強烈反應，引起燃燒或爆炸。粉體與空氣可形成爆炸性混合物，當達到一定的濃度時，遇火星會發(fā)生爆炸。

　　Hazard characteristics: flammable in case of open fire and high heat. Toxic and irritating smoke is emitted when burning. Contact with strong oxidants such as chromic anhydride, chlorate and potassium permanganate can cause strong reaction and cause combustion or explosion. Powder and air can form explosive mixture, when reaching a certain concentration, it will explode when meeting Mars.

　　燃燒(分解)產物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。

　　Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.